Historical Context of the Treaties Between Genoa and the Golden Horde 1380 - 1381

The year 1380 became one of the critical points in history Eastern Europe: twenty-year civil war Ulus Jochi ended, Tatars suffered their first major defeat from Moscow Battle Kulikovo, and a long-term system political relations between Genoa Golden Horde developed Crimea. Each these topics has significant historiography. However, until today there is no comprehensive, systematic holistic analysis relationship events. Even mutual chronological sequence not entirely clear. causal relationships them on basis same sources are interpreted inconsistently, some cases - mutually exclusive. Important documents reflecting situation at this turning point two treaties signed by Genoese consul Kaffa Tatar governor Solkhat November February 1381. This material analyzes political, legal, economic provisions 1380–1381, composition persons who participated signing, circumstances concluding. Although content both identical, they differ only Horde’s side, author believes that independent acts. According to author, agreements were concluded behalf interests Toqtamïsh Khan. Wherein, based numismatic data, dating yarliq (jarlyg) Bek Hajji records Book Caffan Massaria, inclined an early (before March 1380) establishment Khan’ power opinion existence was connection with change administration (although details unclear). He also considers N. Murzakevich’s assumption as highly probable cession Soldaia district Crimean Gothia, stipulated treaties, reward for murder Mamai which occurred perhaps 28 23 January offers three alternative scenarios development events Crimea autumn 1381 propose further steps establish true one.